Question 2 This was intended to be straightforward, and people seemed to do well on it. Here is one possible solution: $sum = 0; # initialize sum @letter_grades = qw(A B C F); # create hash to store grade counts in and zero out each value @grade_type{@letter_grades} = (0, 0, 0, 0); # read grades in array context chomp(@grades = ); foreach $grade (@grades) { if ($grade >= 90) { $grade_type{A}++; } elsif ($grade >= 80) { $grade_type{B}++; } elsif ($grade >= 70) { $grade_type{C}++; } else { $grade_type{F}++; } # keep running grade total $sum += $grade; } # @grades in scalar context gives size of array $avg = $sum / @grades; print("Class average: $avg\n"); print("Number of A\'s: $grade_type{A}\n"); print("Number of B\'s: $grade_type{B}\n"); print("Number of C\'s: $grade_type{C}\n"); print("Number of F\'s: $grade_type{F}\n");